Most importantly Spectroscopy Handwritten Notes in PDF

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Spectroscopy Complete Handwritten Notes in PDF (CSIR NET, GATE, TIFR & BARC)

Master all branches of chemical spectroscopy with these comprehensive topper-verified handwritten notes. Download the complete PDF covering Organic (1H/13C NMR, IR, Mass, UV-Vis), Inorganic (ESR, Mössbauer), and Physical Molecular Spectroscopy (Rotational, Vibrational, Raman).

35–45 Marks CSIR NET Weightage
Complete PDF Organic, Inorganic & Physical
Solved PYQs Part B & Part C Included
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Download Complete Spectroscopy Handwritten Notes PDF

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📋 Table of Contents
  1. Download Complete Spectroscopy Handwritten Notes PDF
  2. Why Spectroscopy is the Highest-Scoring Section in CSIR NET & GATE
  3. 1. Organic Spectroscopy (20–25 Marks)
  4. 2. Inorganic Spectroscopy (8–12 Marks)
  5. 3. Physical Molecular Spectroscopy (10–14 Marks)
  6. Detailed Index & Topics Covered in These Handwritten Notes
  7. Solved Model CSIR NET & GATE Spectroscopy Problems
  8. Practice Live CBT Spectroscopy Tests on ChemistryABC
  9. Molecular Spectroscopy CBT Test
  10. Term Symbols & Electronic Spectra
  11. Inner-Transition (f-Block) CBT Test
  12. 🔥 Most Downloaded Study Notes (Free PDF)

Why Spectroscopy is the Highest-Scoring Section in CSIR NET & GATE

In national competitive examinations such as CSIR UGC NET (Chemical Sciences), GATE (CY), TIFR, and BARC OCES/DGFS, spectroscopy is unique because it spans across all three traditional divisions of chemistry. Questions are analytical, rule-based, and offer high scoring potential with minimal ambiguity:

1. Organic Spectroscopy (20–25 Marks)

Combined structure elucidation problems integrating 1H-NMR chemical shifts, coupling constants (J-values), 13C DEPT-45/90/135, characteristic IR carbonyl stretching frequencies, and Mass spectrometry fragmentation pathways (McLafferty rearrangement).

2. Inorganic Spectroscopy (8–12 Marks)

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR / EPR) hyperfine and superhyperfine splitting, zero-field splitting, Kramers degeneracy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy (isomer shifts and quadrupole splitting in iron and tin complexes).

3. Physical Molecular Spectroscopy (10–14 Marks)

Rigid rotor microwave transitions (2B spacing), anharmonic Morse oscillator fundamental and overtone bands, rotational Raman shifts (6B and 4B rules), and the Mutual Exclusion Principle for centrosymmetric molecules.

Detailed Index & Topics Covered in These Handwritten Notes

Spectroscopic BranchCore Sub-Topics Covered in the NotesKey Mathematical / Diagnostic Formulas
Proton NMR (1H-NMR)Chemical shift scale (δ ppm), shielding/deshielding, diamagnetic anisotropy (alkenes, alkynes, aromatics), spin-spin coupling (n + 1 rule), Karplus equation for dihedral angles, diastereotopic and enantiotopic protons, D2O exchangeable protons.δ = [(νsample − νTMS) / νspectrometer] × 106
Pascal’s triangle intensity ratios
Carbon-13 NMR & DEPTChemical shift ranges (0–220 ppm), broadband proton-decoupled spectra, DEPT-45 (all CH, CH2, CH3 positive), DEPT-90 (only CH positive), DEPT-135 (CH and CH3 positive, CH2 inverted/negative).Identifying quaternary carbons (absent in DEPT spectra)
Infrared (IR) SpectroscopyHooke’s law for stretching frequency, fundamental modes (3N − 6 and 3N − 5), functional group frequencies (>1500 cm−1), fingerprint region, inductive/mesomeric effects on C=O frequency, intra vs intermolecular hydrogen bonding, Fermi resonance.ν̃ = [1 / (2 π c)] √(k / μ)
Conjugation lowers νC=O by 20–30 cm−1
Mass Spectrometry (MS)Molecular ion peak (M•+), base peak, Nitrogen Rule, isotopic clusters for Chlorine (M : M+2 = 3:1) and Bromine (M : M+2 = 1:1), α-cleavage, McLafferty rearrangement (six-membered transition state with γ-hydrogen transfer), ortho-effect.Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD):
IHD = C + 1 − (H / 2) − (X / 2) + (N / 2)
UV-Visible SpectroscopyElectronic transitions (σ→σ*, n→σ*, π→π*, n→π*), chromophores and auxochromes, bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts, Woodward-Fieser rules for dienes, trienes, and α,β-unsaturated enones.A = ε · c · l (Beer-Lambert Law)
Base values: Heteroannular (214 nm), Homoannular (253 nm)
ESR / EPR SpectroscopyResonance condition (hν = g β H), g-factor deviation, hyperfine splitting (2nI + 1 lines), superhyperfine splitting with ligand nuclei, Kramers theorem, anisotropic g-tensors in axial systems (g|| and g⊥).Total Lines = ∏ (2 ni Ii + 1)
Mössbauer SpectroscopyRecoilless nuclear gamma resonance, 57Fe and 119Sn nuclei, isomer shift (δ) reflecting s-electron density, quadrupole splitting (ΔEQ) caused by electric field gradient (EFG), magnetic hyperfine Zeeman splitting.High-spin Fe(II) vs low-spin Fe(II), Fe(III) distinction
Rotational & Raman SpectraRigid rotor selection rule (ΔJ = ±1, 2B spacing), centrifugal distortion, rotational Raman selection rule (ΔJ = 0, ±2, first line at 6B, spacing 4B), Mutual Exclusion Principle for centrosymmetric molecules.F(J) = B J(J + 1)
B = h / (8 π2 I c)

Solved Model CSIR NET & GATE Spectroscopy Problems

Organic Spectroscopy • CSIR NET Part C (4 Marks)

Problem 1: An organic compound with molecular formula C8H8O2 exhibits the following spectral data:
• IR: 1720 cm−1 (strong), 1605, 1500 cm−1
• 1H-NMR (δ, ppm): 3.85 (s, 3H), 7.40 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.95 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 9.90 (s, 1H)
• 13C-NMR (δ, ppm): 55.4 (q), 114.2 (d), 130.1 (s), 132.0 (d), 164.5 (s), 190.8 (d)
Identify the structure of the compound.

Solution & Structural Deduction:
1. Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD): IHD = C + 1 − (H / 2) = 8 + 1 − (8 / 2) = 5 (suggests a benzene ring [4 degrees] + 1 carbonyl double bond [1 degree]).
2. Carbonyl Identity: The singlet at δ 9.90 ppm (1H) in 1H-NMR and the peak at δ 190.8 ppm (d) in 13C-NMR unambiguously indicate an aldehyde (-CHO) group conjugated with an aromatic ring (confirmed by the IR stretch at 1720 cm−1).
3. Aromatic Substitution Pattern: The two doublets at δ 7.40 (2H) and 7.95 (2H) with mutually identical coupling constant J = 8.5 Hz represent a classic symmetrical 1,4-disubstituted (para-substituted) benzene ring.
4. Methoxy Group: The 3H singlet at δ 3.85 ppm and δ 55.4 ppm in 13C-NMR indicates a methoxy group attached directly to an aromatic carbon (-OCH3).
Final Structure: 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde (p-Anisaldehyde).
Inorganic Spectroscopy • GATE Chemistry (2 Marks)

Problem 2: In the room-temperature solution ESR spectrum of the radical [•CH2OH], given that nuclear spin for 1H is I = 1/2 and 12C/16O have I = 0, the number of observed ESR lines if coupling with the -OH proton is also resolved is:

Solution & Splitting Tree Analysis:
1. The unpaired electron interacts with two equivalent methylene protons (-CH2-) with nuclear spin I = 1/2 and one hydroxyl proton (-OH) with I = 1/2.
2. Splitting by the two equivalent -CH2– protons produces: 2 × 2 × (1/2) + 1 = 3 lines (intensity 1:2:1).
3. Each of these lines is further split into a doublet by the single -OH proton: 2 × 1 × (1/2) + 1 = 2 lines.
4. Total ESR lines: 3 × 2 = 6 lines (intensity pattern: 1:1:2:2:1:1).

Practice Live CBT Spectroscopy Tests on ChemistryABC

Solidify your concepts by testing yourself with our free online timed CBT test series:

Physical Spectroscopy

Molecular Spectroscopy CBT Test

Practice Rotational 2B spacing, Raman 4B/6B rules, and rovibrational PQR branches.

Attempt Free CBT →
Inorganic Spectroscopy

Term Symbols & Electronic Spectra

Master Microstates, Hund’s Rules, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, and LMCT/MLCT.

Attempt Free CBT →
Inorganic Chemistry

Inner-Transition (f-Block) CBT Test

Solve questions on Lanthanide contraction, Landé g-factor, and f-f absorption spectra.

Attempt Free CBT →
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ChemistryABC.com is an open educational initiative dedicated to assisting students preparing for national competitive examinations. We do not host copyrighted commercial textbooks on our private servers. These handwritten student notes are compiled for non-commercial study, revision, and educational reference under fair-use provisions. We strongly encourage all students to support original authors and publishers by purchasing standard reference textbooks (such as Pavia, Silverstein, Banwell, and Huheey) through authorized channels.

🔥 Most Downloaded Study Notes (Free PDF)

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